Medieval depiction of a satyr from the Aberdeen Bestiary, ca. 1200
Satyr
Origin: Ancient Greek mythology
Combination: human + goat
Classification: Mammal
Other Names: Silenus, Silenos, Faun
Associations: wine, festivity, lust
Satyrs are mythical creatures known for their wild and hedonistic nature. They are often depicted as having the upper body of a human and the lower body of a goat, complete with goat horns, legs, and a tail. Satyrs are closely associated with the god Dionysus, the Greek deity of wine, fertility, and ecstasy. They are often depicted as companions of Dionysus, participating in revelry, music, and dancing.
Satyrs symbolize the untamed aspects of human nature, representing desire, indulgence, and the pursuit of pleasure. They are known for their uninhibited behavior and love for wine, music, and merriment. Satyrs are often depicted playing musical instruments such as the pan flute or tambourine, adding to the festive atmosphere of Dionysian celebrations.
The term satyr and faun are often used interchangeably, though technically satyrs are from Greek mythology while fauns come from Roman mythology. Both creatures bear similar physical characteristics, but their characters are described to be quite different. Unlike fauns who are known for their gentle nature, satyrs are portrayed as lustful and bawdy creatures that often engage in excessive drinking and lewd behavior.
Significant
Literary
Mentions
Classical
• The myth of the satyr Marsyas & Apollo
Medieval
• Accounts of Saint Jerome
• Listed in Medieval bestiaries, including Aberdeen and Ashmole
Modern
• The Marble Faun – Nathaniel Hawthorne
• The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe – C. S. Lewis
• The Lightning Thief – Rick Riordan
• Percy Jackson & the Olympians – Rick Riordan